Epistemic Humility

What are virtues?

Virtues are enduring character traits developed through practice, reflection and intentional action. A virtuous action is not merely correct behavior; it arises from a stable disposition grounded in sound judgment and motivation.

In the Aristotelian tradition, virtues are "excellences" that contribute to human flourishing, or eudaimonia. 

Civic virtues are moral and intellectual habits that shape public engagement. They are cultivated through practice, reflection, dialogue and positive examples.

What is epistemic humility?

Epistemic humility is recognizing the limits of one’s knowledge and staying open to correction while still seeking truth.

Why it matters

Knowledge is always incomplete and open to revision. Epistemic humility helps people question assumptions, remain open to new evidence and make better decisions.

By recognizing the limits of our knowledge, we can engage in genuine inquiry, strengthen relationships and contribute to progress.

Young black woman seated at a table, in front of a laptop with her hand raised.

Resources to learn more

Complicating the Narratives

What if journalists covered controversial issues differently — based on how humans actually behave when they are polarized and suspicious?

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Bridging Differences Playbook

A research-informed guide offering practical tools for bridging divides at intrapersonal, interpersonal and intergroup levels.

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How to Lead a Conversation Between People Who Disagree

TED Talk by journalist Eve Pearlman.

In our deeply divided world, how do we have hard conversations with nuance, curiosity and respect?

Learn more